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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
A contemporary examination of the principle of distinction in international humanitarian law
 Paluka, Adriana ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Urbanová, Kristýna (referee)
A contemporary examination of the principle of distinction in international humanitarian law Abstract This thesis is discussing current problematic topics on the application of rule of distinction, which are related to a civilianization of armed conflicts. One of these issues is a system of dichotomy between combatants and civilians established by the Geneva Conventions and their Additional protocols. The professional society is currently divided regarding the possibility of introducing a new third category of so-called unlawful combatants. This thesis introduces different views on this issue, on the legal status of persons belonging to this category and brings a debate on the necessity of abandoning the established conservative approach of dichotomy. One of the other fundamental problems currently complicating the application of the rule of distinction is the issue of direct participation in hostilities by civilians, which leads to loss of theirs otherwise guaranteed immunity against targeted attacks. Norms of codified international humanitarian law however regard this topic superficially. The ICRC in its efforts to facilitate an interpretation of these norms published an "Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law", which was however...
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The principle of distinction and its implications for the conflict between Israel and the terrorist groups operating in the Gaza Strip
 Vavrečková, Pavla ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pelikánová Urbanová, Kristýna (referee)
The principle of distinction and its implications for the conflict between Israel and the terrorist groups operating in the Gaza Strip Abstract In this thesis the main implications of the changed nature of armed conflicts on the principle of distinction are being discussed. The thesis opens with a look into the changed nature of armed conflicts and the implications of thereof. Further it concentrates on the parties involved in asymmetrical conflicts. With the raise of asymmetrical conflicts and appearance of terrorist groups as significant non-state actors, a discussion about the status of their members needed to be opened and - possibly - their rights and obligations reassessed. Regardless of their asymmetrical nature, these conflicts are still to be governed by international law treaties that have been adopted in a time, where more classical state vs. state wars were the norm. The effective international law therefore does not sufficiently reflect the nature of today's conflicts. On this account, the principle of distinction is being closely explored in this thesis in order to provide an understanding, whether it is indeed able to encompass the nature of terrorists. The thesis discusses that the distinction under the effective LoAC is vastly black and white and assessing a situation basely on the provided...
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